Last one decade has witnessed sea change in the field of Laparoscopy, what was once used for visualization and diagnostic purpose is today used as advanced abdominal operations. This was possible because of advances in the field of instrument manufacturing, Biotechnology, Anesthesia, techniques of surgery, Suture materials and various Gadgets.

What is Laparoscopic Surgery?
Still vast number of public believes that Laparoscopic means family planning operation through laproscope. But today it carries different meaning altogether.

In Laparoscopic surgery we put 3-4 small instruments called trocars. Through the naval port we put 10mm (1cm) laproscope attached to camera systems and monitor, now the surgeon can see the whole abdomen and pelvis on the screen.

All the organs are seen magnified and precisely than in open surgery or Direct Visualization.

 

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What are the Equipments required for Laparoscopic Surgery?

We need very sophisticated equipments

• Laparoscopes :
  Normally we use 10mm Laparoscope, for some surgeries we might need 7mm or 5mm Laparoscopes. Laparoscopes are made up of rod less systems to transmit the image from the patient to the camera system.
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• Camera System :
  Camera is very important system for this type of surgeries. a decade back the camera technology was still in developmental stage hence complicated surgeries could not be performed due to poor vision. Today with revolution in cameras especially three chip cameras and digital cameras the picture quality is superior and most complicated surgeries can be performed with amazing ease.
  
  The Camera process the patient organs image and transmit on the medical monitor where the organs can be seen very clear and magnified.
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• Insuflators :
  To perform laparoscopic surgery we need to distend the tummy of the patient to see the organs clearly and we need space between the abdominal wall and organs to perform the surgery. Sophisticated electronic insuflactors pump carbon dioxide into the tummy of the patient at the rate of 20 liters/minute creating the space and distension of the abdomen which helps the surgeon in smoothly performing the operation.
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• Illumination :
  For laparoscopic surgery illumination of the organs is important for clear vision. Now a days powerful light sources like Xenon and Halogen are available which will illuminate the Human organs brilliantly.
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• Energy Sources :
  Various every sources are necessary for cutting coagulating and vaporizing the tissues. Commonly used energy source is electric cautery which converts low frequency current from the main electric supply to high frequency current which is suitable for surgical use in the Human body. Ultrasonic energy is commonly used source for the last 10 years. In this there is ultrasonic vibrations with very high frequency which will coagulate and cut the tissues at the same time. This energy is safer when compared to electric energy hence it is more and more being used, Laser energy is more precise for dissection. CO2 laser, KTP Laser, Ndyag Laser is commonly used lasers in laparoscopic surgery.
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• Operation Room-1 (OR1)
  To make the Laparoscopic surgery most effective and easier to organize the operation room OR1 is of great help to the surgeon.
  
  OR1 is the latest system for High-tech, State of the art laparoscopic surgeries. Here all the equipments and Monitors are suspended from the Ceiling by pendent and all the cables, gas connections to the equipments run through the pendent. Pendent with the equipments can be moved 360 deg. anywhere in the operation room.
  
  With OR1, its now possible to control everything from medical devices, Lighting, Room, Cameras and teleconferencing from a central station inside or outside the sterile area with communication BUS system and all the functions can be monitored continuously.
  
  Surgeon can set up the operation room within minutes and can control the whole operation theatre by touch screen button and by giving voice commands to the systems.

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• Telemedicine and Teleconferencing
  It is possible to interact with patient relatives and referral doctors who are in distant places about the patient condition.
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• Applications of Laparoscopic Surgeries
  Laparoscopic surgeries virtually revolutionized all the fields of surgery. Its main applications are in the fields of :

  • Gynaecology

  • Urology

  • General Surgery

  • Gastroenterology
    
    Laparoscopy in General Surgeries :
    In general surgeries laparoscopy has created revolution and replaced most of the open surgeries.
    
    The following surgeries are done routinely through laparoscope

    • Appendix removal

    • Gall Bladder removal

    • Hernia Repair

    • Stomach and Intestinal surgeries Etc.,

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